Burns
● Cause
• Burns occur when the skin is damaged by high heat (fire, boiling water, steam, oil, or hot metal), chemicals, or electricity.
• The severity depends on the depth and area of the injury.
• The severity depends on the depth and area of the injury.
● Classification (by Depth)
• First-degree (Superficial): Affects only the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). Causes redness, mild swelling, and pain. Example: sunburn.
• Second-degree (Partial thickness): Extends into the dermis and forms blisters.
– Superficial type: Usually heals naturally without scarring.
– Deep type: May leave scars or pigmentation.
• Third-degree (Full thickness): Extends through the entire dermis into subcutaneous tissue. Skin may appear white, brown, or black, and sensation is reduced or absent. Skin grafting is often required.
• Second-degree (Partial thickness): Extends into the dermis and forms blisters.
– Superficial type: Usually heals naturally without scarring.
– Deep type: May leave scars or pigmentation.
• Third-degree (Full thickness): Extends through the entire dermis into subcutaneous tissue. Skin may appear white, brown, or black, and sensation is reduced or absent. Skin grafting is often required.
● Treatment
• If the burn area is large, severely painful, or blistered, see a dermatologist immediately.
• Cool the affected area under running water for 15–30 minutes as first aid.
• Mild burns: Apply ointment to keep the area clean and moist.
• Moderate to severe burns: Require infection prevention, intravenous fluids, and pain control.
• Severe burns: Need specialized care at a burn center.
• Cool the affected area under running water for 15–30 minutes as first aid.
• Mild burns: Apply ointment to keep the area clean and moist.
• Moderate to severe burns: Require infection prevention, intravenous fluids, and pain control.
• Severe burns: Need specialized care at a burn center.